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Constructing Victims of Heritage Destruction: Lessons from the Al Mahdi Reparations Order 10.17863/CAM.30860 Dachlan, Rangga Aditya Viejo-Rose, Dacia This dissertation looks at the enforcement of legal instruments governing the protection of heritage and the extent to which such enforcement mechanism may be useful for the protection of heritage. It delves into the Reparations Order in the Al Mahdi case to see how the International Criminal Court constructs the notion of victims in the aftermath of the destruction of heritage sites in Timbuktu. This construction entails (i) the identification of victim groups; (ii) the assessment of their harm; and (iii) the determination of reparation type and modalities. Scrutinising the Trial Chamber’s use of the World Heritage Convention, this dissertation reveals gaps in all three areas, privileging local victims at the expense of national and international victims. Wide discretionary powers were found to have chiefly motivated the Court’s uneven analyses and could adversely affect its decisionmaking in future cases. In spite of its limitations, the Court demonstrated usefulness by achieving some expansion in its remit in the protection of heritage and through its role as a figurative “loudspeaker” in publicising the punitive consequence of heritage destruction to the global public. University of Cambridge 2018-10-20 Thesis Masters Master of Philosophy (MPhil) en Jardine Foundation https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283497 https://apollo8-f-pro.lib.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/4b00e45b-2a92-4a8a-a67b-a9b4d0d9d9b5/download ff80f8dee1cb3131fb5ca2a91b6fd828 https://apollo8-f-pro.lib.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/8b419a42-e94c-4d37-a2ac-e085b03eda97/download 87eda9de84448d1f82354d60eee3eb5f https://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved/ cultural heritage destruction international criminal court al mahdi victim