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Anisotropic Cyclic Cosmologies 10.17863/CAM.26003 Ganguly, Chandrima Barrow, John Standard models of cosmology use inflation as a mechanism to resolve the isotropy and homogeneity problem of the universe as well as the flatness problem. However, due to various well known problems with the inflationary paradigm, there has been an ongoing search for alternatives. Perhaps the most famous among these are the cyclic universe scenarios which incorporate bounces. As these scenarios have a contracting phase in the evolution of the universe, anisotropies and inhomogeneities would be expected to blow up on approach to the bounce. Thus, it is reasonable to ask whether the problems of homogeneity and isotropy can still be resolved in these scenarios. In this thesis, I will focus on the problem of the resolution of the isotropy problem. I begin with a brief review of anisotropic, spatially homogeneous geometries of cosmological interest. Next, I review the existing literature on bouncing cosmologies, and discuss the mechanism of bounce studied in previously proposed models, as well as their theoretical and observational advantages and disadvantages. I then discuss the process of isotropisation in the contracting phase of each bounce. In this phase of the evolution, the mechanism of ekpyrosis is used in most cosmological scenarios which incorporate a contracting phase to mitigate the problem of anisotropies blowing up on approaching the bounce. I start by studying anisotropic universes and I then examine the effect of the addition of ultra-stiff anisotropic pressures on the ekpyrotic phase. I then consider evolving such anisotropic universes through several cycles with increasing expansion maxima at each successive bounce. This eventually leads to flatness in the isotropic case. My aim is to see if the resolution of the flatness problem also leads to a simultaneous resolution of the isotropy problem. In the next chapter, I consider the effect of non comoving velocities on the shape of this anisotropic bouncing universe. In the final section of my thesis, I consider anisotropic cosmological models within the context of canonical quantum cosmology and investigate the quantum behaviour of anisotropies. University of Cambridge 2018-08-21 Thesis Doctoral Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) en Cambridge Trust, Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Trust https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/278655 https://apollo8-f-pro.lib.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/2a992d7d-67d8-4bc6-bf8f-afbbf916a66b/download bcca4dcde54cce98a941fd368db00dcd https://apollo8-f-pro.lib.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/d88d1cea-1f92-4847-a705-f7298aba4304/download 87eda9de84448d1f82354d60eee3eb5f https://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved/ cosmology alternative to inflation general relativity