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Evolving notions of childhood: an example of Kazakhstan 10.17863/CAM.20723 Kulakhmetova, Anel Fennell, Shailaja This research is aimed at understanding versatile and evolving perceptions of childhood in Kazakhstan after the independence of the country. It draws on a variety of primary data including in-depth interviews and surveys with young people and representatives of non- governmental organisations working with young people. This research employs two concepts of sociology of childhood, which address the socio-historical condition of childhood as a social experience. It explores the role children played in traditional Kazakh families in the mid-19th- beginning of the 20th century. It also addresses state policy concerning children in Kazakhstan after independence. This research presents an analysis of how young participants perceive categories of ‘child’ and ‘adult.’ The question is raised whether traditional thresholds of childhood like education, marriage, and financial independence still play a role in understanding the transition from childhood to adulthood. Further, it presents a dialogue between young participants of this research with their older contemporaries on the characteristics of the young generation born after the independence. Finally, it sheds more light on discrimination of young females in the family and society. University of Cambridge 2018-04-28 Thesis Doctoral Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) en My studies at the University of Cambridge were generously supported by the Cambridge Trust and the Aga Khan Development Network https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273670 https://apollo8-f-pro.lib.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/90ca2741-cb30-4e5f-aba9-d3a57e9490d2/download 87eda9de84448d1f82354d60eee3eb5f https://apollo8-f-pro.lib.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/c295b618-e206-4099-a5d6-09fa128bc20e/download 9f2b19148308edbab1f47cbd0d89cb79 https://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved/ Childhood Central Asia Kazakhstan