<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-09-21T01:03:50Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/270026" metadataPrefix="uketd_dc">https://api.repository.cam.ac.uk/server/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/270026</identifier><datestamp>2024-06-26T13:52:11Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_1810_219481</setSpec><setSpec>com_1810_256065</setSpec><setSpec>col_1810_219482</setSpec></header><metadata><uketd_dc:uketddc xmlns:uketd_dc="http://naca.central.cranfield.ac.uk/ethos-oai/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:uketdterms="http://naca.central.cranfield.ac.uk/ethos-oai/terms/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://naca.central.cranfield.ac.uk/ethos-oai/2.0/ http://naca.central.cranfield.ac.uk/ethos-oai/2.0/uketd_dc.xsd">
   <dc:title>Structured Learning with Inexact Search: Advances in Shift-Reduce CCG Parsing</dc:title>
   <dc:identifier xsi:type="dcterms:DOI">10.17863/CAM.16866</dc:identifier>
   <dc:creator>Xu, Wenduan</dc:creator>
   <uketdterms:advisor>Clark, Stephen</uketdterms:advisor>
   <dcterms:abstract>Statistical shift-reduce parsing involves the interplay of representation learning, structured learning, and inexact search. This dissertation considers approaches that tightly integrate these three elements and explores three novel models for shift-reduce CCG parsing. First, I develop a dependency model, in which the selection of shift-reduce action sequences producing a dependency structure is treated as a hidden variable; the key components of the model are a dependency oracle and a learning algorithm that integrates the dependency oracle, the structured perceptron, and beam search. Second, I present expected F-measure training and show how to derive a globally normalized RNN model, in which beam search is naturally incorporated and used in conjunction with the&#xd;
objective to learn shift-reduce action sequences optimized for the final evaluation metric. Finally, I describe an LSTM model that is able to construct parser state representations incrementally by following the shift-reduce syntactic derivation process; I show expected F-measure training, which is agnostic to the underlying neural network, can be applied in this setting to obtain globally normalized greedy and beam-search LSTM shift-reduce parsers.</dcterms:abstract>
   <uketdterms:institution>University of Cambridge</uketdterms:institution>
   <dcterms:issued>2017-12-01</dcterms:issued>
   <dc:type>Thesis</dc:type>
   <uketdterms:qualificationlevel>Doctoral</uketdterms:qualificationlevel>
   <uketdterms:qualificationname>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)</uketdterms:qualificationname>
   <dc:language>en</dc:language>
   <uketdterms:sponsor>The Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland; &#xd;
The Cambridge Trust</uketdterms:sponsor>
   <dcterms:isReferencedBy xsi:type="dcterms:URI">https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270026</dcterms:isReferencedBy>
   <dcterms:license>https://apollo8-f-pro.lib.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/30ff7cd1-1e3f-4b94-9d00-d31621b5f7e2/download</dcterms:license>
   <uketdterms:checksum xsi:type="uketdterms:MD5">87eda9de84448d1f82354d60eee3eb5f</uketdterms:checksum>
   <dc:identifier xsi:type="dcterms:URI">https://apollo8-f-pro.lib.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/211573f1-6264-42ba-889a-da11beaf12e9/download</dc:identifier>
   <uketdterms:checksum xsi:type="uketdterms:MD5">a7dffa29b57e5c4a8983caa12e16be2c</uketdterms:checksum>
   <dc:rights>https://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved/</dc:rights>
   <dc:subject>Structured Prediction</dc:subject>
   <dc:subject>Structured Learning with Inexact Search</dc:subject>
   <dc:subject>Violation-Fixing Structured Perceptron</dc:subject>
   <dc:subject>Recurrent Neural Networks</dc:subject>
   <dc:subject>LSTMs</dc:subject>
   <dc:subject>Combinatory Categorial Grammar</dc:subject>
   <dc:subject>Shift-Reduce Transition-based Parsing</dc:subject>
</uketd_dc:uketddc>
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