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Tobacco use and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in developed and developing countries 10.17863/CAM.16250 Alexander, Myriam The association between cigarette smoking and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is well established. However, the effect of other, less common, types of smoking on CVD risk, such as pipes and cigars in developed countries, remains uncertain. By contrast, in developing countries, a large panel of smokeless tobacco products are consumed alongside smoking products, with unknown effects on the risk of CVD. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the association between various forms of tobacco use with the risk of CVD in the setting of developed countries and of a developing country with a large population, Pakistan. University of Cambridge 2013-10-08 Thesis Doctoral Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) en This work was supported by Marie Curie scholarship NETSIM-Bloodomics funded by the European Union. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245058 https://apollo8-f-pro.lib.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/5a436855-ea17-4f49-a570-af2cdcffbca4/download f18c3c26e554bab1ffa25c245700cb38 https://apollo8-f-pro.lib.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/23538da7-d0e0-4345-a4cc-cc8009941d23/download 9a081d0539bc9a5622b896c2aa4a8a10 https://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved/ tobacco smoking cardiovascular diseases Pakistan developed countries epidemiology developing countries statistics