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Josephson Junctions and Devices fabricated by Focused Electron Beam Irradiation 10.17863/CAM.14184 Booij, Wilfred Edwin The irradiation of high Tc superconducting thin films with a focused electron beam, such as that obtained in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), can result in the formation of a Josephson junction. The conditions required for the formation of these Josephson junctions in YBa2Cu3O7-d and related compounds are discussed as well as the physical properties of the irradiated material. From electrical transport measurements of individual Josephson junctions it was found that these junctions have a Superconductor/Normal/Superconductor (SNS) nature. Low temperature anneal studies indicate that Josephson junctions with optimum properties can be obtained by a combination of a high electron dose and subsequent low temperature anneal. Extremely high electron doses resulted in the formation of a purely resistive region. The electrical transport in such regions with a dimension of 200 nm in the direction of current transport is shown to be compatible with variable range hopping (VRH). Barriers with the same length but a finite superconducting transition temperature showed a low bias resistance that is significantly lowered due to proximity coupling. Using purely resistive regions in combination with Josephson junctions, devices consisting of two closely spaced Josephson junctions with a third terminal connected to the shared electrode were fabricated and characterised (minimum separation 20 nm). The distinct behaviour of the Josephson critical current with applied magnetic field (Ic(B)) of these devices was found to be well described by a newly developed model, which incorporates the effect of the static redistribution current in the shared electrode on the phase distribution of the Josephson junctions. An important finding is that the behaviour of the high critical current with applied magnetic field of two closely spaced junctions was found to be consistent with a model system consisting of a closely spaced Josephson junction and a resistive barrier. A three terminal device with Josephson junctions at small separations was found to have a significantly increased transresistance when compared with the individual resistance of the Josephson junctions it constituted of. A number of illustrative examples of device structures realised with the focused electron beam irradiation technique are also included. University of Cambridge 1997-12 Thesis Doctoral Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) en EPSRC http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/104786 https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/104786 https://apollo8-f-pro.lib.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/bdae151d-5417-47e6-875a-8b34291f1164/download b66a5935285248f53b042ebf93b9e40d https://apollo8-f-pro.lib.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/32bc769f-cbd8-403f-a072-4a8f799c66b5/download ea767730b1dcd936f38e2b35b192affa https://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved/ Josephson Junctions Superconducting Electronics superconductivity Electron Beam Irradiation Devices