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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="doi">10.1002/(ISSN)2198-3844</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ADVS</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title xml:lang="en">Advanced Science</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Adv. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn publication-format="ppub">2198-3844</issn>
<issn publication-format="epub">2198-3844</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/advs.202301176</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ADVS5805</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="overline" xml:lang="en">
<subject>Research Article</subject>
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<subj-group subj-group-type="heading" xml:lang="en">
<subject>Research Articles</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">High Density Body Surface Potential Mapping with Conducting Polymer‐Eutectogel Electrode Arrays for ECG imaging</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib id="advs5805-cr-0001" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Serrano</surname>
<given-names>Ruben Ruiz‐Mateos</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="advs5805-aff-0001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="advs5805-cr-0002" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Velasco‐Bosom</surname>
<given-names>Santiago</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="advs5805-aff-0001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="advs5805-cr-0003" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dominguez‐Alfaro</surname>
<given-names>Antonio</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="advs5805-aff-0001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="advs5805-aff-0002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="advs5805-cr-0004" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Picchio</surname>
<given-names>Matias L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="advs5805-aff-0002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="advs5805-cr-0005" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mantione</surname>
<given-names>Daniele</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="advs5805-aff-0002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="advs5805-aff-0003">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="advs5805-cr-0006" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mecerreyes</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="advs5805-aff-0002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="advs5805-aff-0003">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="advs5805-cr-0007" contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<name>
<surname>Malliaras</surname>
<given-names>George G.</given-names>
</name>
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4582-8501</contrib-id>
<email>gm603@cam.ac.uk</email>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="correspondenceTo">*</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="advs5805-aff-0001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="advs5805-aff-0001">
<label>
<sup>1</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Electrical Engineering Division</named-content>

<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>

<city>Cambridge</city>
 <postal-code>CB3 0FA</postal-code>
 <country country="GB">UK</country>

</aff>
<aff id="advs5805-aff-0002">
<label>
<sup>2</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">POLYMAT</named-content>

<institution>University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU</institution>

<named-content content-type="street">Avda. Tolosa 72</named-content>
 <city>Donostia‐San Sebastian</city>
 <named-content content-type="country-part">Gipuzkoa</named-content>
 <postal-code>20018</postal-code>
 <country country="ES">Spain</country>

</aff>
<aff id="advs5805-aff-0003">
<label>
<sup>3</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">IKERBASQUE</named-content>

<institution>Basque Foundation for Science</institution>

<city>Bilbao</city>
 <postal-code>48009</postal-code>
 <country country="ES">Spain</country>

</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="correspondenceTo"><label>*</label>E‐mail: <email>gm603@cam.ac.uk</email><break/></corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date><elocation-id>2301176</elocation-id>
<history>

<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>28</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</date>

<date date-type="received">
<day>20</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2023</year>
</date>

</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement content-type="issue-copyright">© 2023 Wiley‐VCH GmbH</copyright-statement>
<copyright-statement content-type="article-copyright">© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH</copyright-holder>
<license>
<ali:license_ref>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
<license-p>This is an open access article under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution</ext-link> License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="main">
<title>Abstract</title>
<p xml:lang="en">Electrocardiography imaging (ECGi) is a non‐invasive inverse reconstruction procedure which employs body surface potential maps (BSPM) obtained from surface electrode array measurements to improve the spatial resolution and interpretability of conventional electrocardiography (ECG) for the diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction. ECGi currently lacks precision, which has prevented its adoption in clinical setups. The introduction of high‐density electrode arrays could increase ECGi reconstruction accuracy but is not attempted before due to manufacturing and processing limitations. Advances in multiple fields have now enabled the implementation of such arrays which poses questions on optimal array design parameters for ECGi. In this work, a novel conducting polymer electrode manufacturing process on flexible substrates is proposed to achieve high‐density, mm‐sized, conformable, long‐term, and easily attachable electrode arrays for BSPM with parameters optimally selected for ECGi applications. Temporal, spectral, and correlation analysis are performed on a prototype array demonstrating the validity of the chosen parameters and the feasibility of high‐density BSPM, paving the way for ECGi devices fit for clinical application.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-generated" xml:lang="en">
<kwd id="advs5805-kwd-0001">body surface potential maps</kwd>
<kwd id="advs5805-kwd-0002">conducting polymer</kwd>
<kwd id="advs5805-kwd-0003">electrocardiography</kwd>
<kwd id="advs5805-kwd-0004">non‐invasive imaging</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="funding-0001">
<funding-source>

<institution-wrap>
<institution>EPSRC</institution>
<institution-id>http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266</institution-id>
</institution-wrap>

</funding-source>
<award-id>EP/S022139/1</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="funding-0002">
<funding-source>

<institution-wrap>
<institution>RYC2021</institution>
</institution-wrap>

</funding-source>
<award-id>031668‐I</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="funding-0003">
<funding-source>

<institution-wrap>
<institution>MSCA RISE IONBIKE</institution>
</institution-wrap>

</funding-source>
<award-id>823989</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="4"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<page-count count="8"/>
<word-count count="6657"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>