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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="doi">10.1002/(ISSN)1521-3773</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ANIE</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title xml:lang="en">Angewandte Chemie International Edition</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn publication-format="ppub">1433-7851</issn>
<issn publication-format="epub">1521-3773</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/anie.202304756</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ANIE202304756</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="overline" xml:lang="en">
<subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading" xml:lang="en">
<subject>Research Articles</subject>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading" xml:lang="en">
<subject>Nucleic Acids</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Selective Functionalisation of 5‐Methylcytosine by Organic Photoredox Catalysis</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib id="anie202304756-cr-0001" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Simpson</surname>
<given-names>Mathew M.</given-names>
</name>
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1469-4827</contrib-id>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="anie202304756-aff-0001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="anie202304756-cr-0002" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lam</surname>
<given-names>Ching Ching</given-names>
</name>
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-5656</contrib-id>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="anie202304756-aff-0001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="anie202304756-cr-0003" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Goodman</surname>
<given-names>Jonathan M.</given-names>
<prefix>Prof.</prefix>
</name>
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8693-9136</contrib-id>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="anie202304756-aff-0001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="anie202304756-cr-0004" contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<name>
<surname>Balasubramanian</surname>
<given-names>Shankar</given-names>
<prefix>Prof.</prefix>
</name>
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0281-5815</contrib-id>
<email>sb10031@cam.ac.uk</email>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="anie202304756-aff-0001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="anie202304756-aff-0002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="anie202304756-aff-0003">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="anie202304756-aff-0001">
<label>
<sup>1</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry</named-content>

<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>

<named-content content-type="street">Lensfield Road</named-content>
 <postal-code>CB2 1EW</postal-code>
 <city>Cambridge</city>
 <country country="GB">UK</country>

</aff>
<aff id="anie202304756-aff-0002">
<label>
<sup>2</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Cancer Research</named-content>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">UK</named-content>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Cambridge Institute Li Ka Shing Centre</named-content>

<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>

<named-content content-type="street">Robinson Way</named-content>
 <postal-code>CB2 0RE</postal-code>
 <city>Cambridge</city>
 <country country="GB">UK</country>

</aff>
<aff id="anie202304756-aff-0003">
<label>
<sup>3</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">School of Clinical Medicine</named-content>

<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>

<postal-code>CB2 0SP</postal-code>
 <city>Cambridge</city>
 <country country="GB">UK</country>

</aff>
<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date><elocation-id>e202304756</elocation-id>
<history>

<date date-type="received">
<day>04</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</date>

</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement content-type="issue-copyright">© 2023 Wiley‐VCH GmbH</copyright-statement>
<copyright-statement content-type="article-copyright">© 2023 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>© 2023 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH</copyright-holder>
<license>
<ali:license_ref>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
<license-p>This is an open access article under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution</ext-link> License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="main">
<title>Abstract</title>
<p xml:lang="en">The epigenetic modification 5‐methylcytosine plays a vital role in development, cell specific gene expression and disease states. The selective chemical modification of the 5‐methylcytosine methyl group is challenging. Currently, no such chemistry exists. Direct functionalisation of 5‐methylcytosine would improve the detection and study of this epigenetic feature. We report a xanthone‐photosensitised process that introduces a 4‐pyridine modification at a C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−H bond in the methyl group of 5‐methylcytosine. We propose a reaction mechanism for this type of reaction based on density functional calculations and apply transition state analysis to rationalise differences in observed reaction efficiencies between cyanopyridine derivatives. The reaction is initiated by single electron oxidation of 5‐methylcytosine followed by deprotonation to generate the methyl group radical. Cross coupling of the methyl radical with 4‐cyanopyridine installs a 4‐pyridine label at 5‐methylcytosine. We demonstrate use of the pyridination reaction to enrich 5‐methylcytosine‐containing ribonucleic acid.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-generated" xml:lang="en">
<kwd id="anie202304756-kwd-0001">C−H Functionalization</kwd>
<kwd id="anie202304756-kwd-0002">Nucleic Acids</kwd>
<kwd id="anie202304756-kwd-0003">Photocatalysis</kwd>
<kwd id="anie202304756-kwd-0004">Radicals</kwd>
<kwd id="anie202304756-kwd-0005">Reaction Mechanisms</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="funding-0001">
<funding-source>

<institution-wrap>
<institution>Wellcome Trust</institution>
<institution-id>http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010269</institution-id>
</institution-wrap>

</funding-source>
<award-id>209441/Z/17/Z</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="funding-0002">
<funding-source>

<institution-wrap>
<institution>Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge</institution>
<institution-id>http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100022011</institution-id>
</institution-wrap>

</funding-source>
<award-id>C9681/A29214</award-id>
<award-id>C9545/A19863</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="funding-0003">
<funding-source>

<institution-wrap>
<institution>Herchel Smith Fund</institution>
</institution-wrap>

</funding-source>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="funding-0004">
<funding-source>

<institution-wrap>
<institution>Trinity College, University of Cambridge</institution>
<institution-id>http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000727</institution-id>
</institution-wrap>

</funding-source>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="funding-0005">
<funding-source>

<institution-wrap>
<institution>Krishnan-Ang Studentships Programme</institution>
</institution-wrap>

</funding-source>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="7"/>
<table-count count="2"/>
<ref-count count="42"/>
<page-count count="8"/>
<word-count count="0"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>