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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="doi">10.1002/(ISSN)2192-2659</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ADHM</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title xml:lang="en">Advanced Healthcare Materials</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Adv. Healthcare Mater.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn publication-format="ppub">2192-2640</issn>
<issn publication-format="epub">2192-2659</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/adhm.202100229</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ADHM202100229</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="overline" xml:lang="en">
<subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading" xml:lang="en">
<subject>Research Articles</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Additive Manufacturing of Multi‐Scale Porous Soft Tissue Implants That Encourage Vascularization and Tissue Ingrowth</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0001" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Coulter</surname>
<given-names>Fergal B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0002" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Levey</surname>
<given-names>Ruth E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0003" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Robinson</surname>
<given-names>Scott T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0003">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0004" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dolan</surname>
<given-names>Eimear B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0004">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0005" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Deotti</surname>
<given-names>Stefano</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0006" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Monaghan</surname>
<given-names>Michael</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0005">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0007" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dockery</surname>
<given-names>Peter</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0008" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Coulter</surname>
<given-names>Brian S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0006">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0009" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Burke</surname>
<given-names>Liam P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0007">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0010" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lowery</surname>
<given-names>Aoife J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0008">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0011" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Beatty</surname>
<given-names>Rachel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0012" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Paetzold</surname>
<given-names>Ryan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0013" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Prendergast</surname>
<given-names>James J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0014" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bellavia</surname>
<given-names>Gabriella</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0009">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0015" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Straino</surname>
<given-names>Stefania</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0009">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0016" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cianfarani</surname>
<given-names>Francesca</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0009">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0017" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salamone</surname>
<given-names>Monica</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0010">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0018" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bruno</surname>
<given-names>Carmelo M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0010">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0019" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Moerman</surname>
<given-names>Kevin M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0005">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0011">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0020" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ghersi</surname>
<given-names>Giulio</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0010">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0012">
<sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0021" contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<name>
<surname>Duffy</surname>
<given-names>Garry P.</given-names>
</name>
<email>garry.duffy@nuigalway.ie</email>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="correspondenceTo">*</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0003">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0013">
<sup>13</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adhm202100229-cr-0022" contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<name>
<surname>O'Cearbhaill</surname>
<given-names>Eoin D.</given-names>
</name>
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4666-5863</contrib-id>
<email>eoin.ocearbhaill@ucd.ie</email>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="correspondenceTo">*</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adhm202100229-aff-0014">
<sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="adhm202100229-aff-0001">
<label>
<sup>1</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering</named-content>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering</named-content>

<institution>University College Dublin</institution>

<city>Dublin</city>
 <postal-code>D04 V1W8</postal-code>
 <country country="IE">Ireland</country>

</aff>
<aff id="adhm202100229-aff-0002">
<label>
<sup>2</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Discipline of Anatomy</named-content>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">School of Medicine</named-content>

<institution>National University of Ireland Galway</institution>

<city>Galway</city>
 <postal-code>H91 TK33</postal-code>
 <country country="IE">Ireland</country>

</aff>
<aff id="adhm202100229-aff-0003">
<label>
<sup>3</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER)</named-content>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Trinity College Dublin</named-content>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Royal College of Surgeons Ireland</named-content>

<institution>National University of Ireland Galway</institution>

<city>Galway</city>
 <postal-code>D02 E161</postal-code>
 <country country="IE">Ireland</country>

</aff>
<aff id="adhm202100229-aff-0004">
<label>
<sup>4</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Biomedical Engineering</named-content>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">College of Science and Engineering</named-content>

<institution>National University of Ireland Galway</institution>

<city>Galway</city>
 <postal-code>H91 TK33</postal-code>
 <country country="IE">Ireland</country>

</aff>
<aff id="adhm202100229-aff-0005">
<label>
<sup>5</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering</named-content>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Trinity College Dublin</named-content>

<institution>the University of Dublin</institution>

<city>Dublin</city>
 <postal-code>D02 PN40</postal-code>
 <country country="IE">Ireland</country>

</aff>
<aff id="adhm202100229-aff-0006">
<label>
<sup>6</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Soils and Analytical Services Department</named-content>

<institution>Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Research Centre</institution>

<city>Wexford</city>
 <postal-code>Y35 FN73</postal-code>
 <country country="IE">Ireland</country>

</aff>
<aff id="adhm202100229-aff-0007">
<label>
<sup>7</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Discipline of Bacteriology</named-content>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">School of Medicine</named-content>

<institution>National University of Ireland Galway</institution>

<city>Galway</city>
 <postal-code>H91 TK33</postal-code>
 <country country="IE">Ireland</country>

</aff>
<aff id="adhm202100229-aff-0008">
<label>
<sup>8</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Discipline of Surgery</named-content>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">The Lambe Institute</named-content>

<institution>National University of Ireland Galway</institution>

<city>Galway</city>
 <postal-code>H91 TK33</postal-code>
 <country country="IE">Ireland</country>

</aff>
<aff id="adhm202100229-aff-0009">
<label>
<sup>9</sup>
</label>

<institution>Explora Biotech Srl</institution>

<named-content content-type="street">G. Peroni 386</named-content>
 <city>Rome</city>
 <postal-code>00131</postal-code>
 <country country="IT">Italy</country>

</aff>
<aff id="adhm202100229-aff-0010">
<label>
<sup>10</sup>
</label>

<institution>ABIEL srl</institution>

<named-content content-type="street">viale delle Scienze ed.16</named-content>
 <city>Palermo</city>
 <postal-code>90128</postal-code>
 <country country="IT">Italy</country>

</aff>
<aff id="adhm202100229-aff-0011">
<label>
<sup>11</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Media Lab</named-content>

<institution>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</institution>

<city>Cambridge</city>
 <named-content content-type="country-part">Massachusetts</named-content>
 <postal-code>MA 02139‐4307</postal-code>
 <country country="US">USA</country>

</aff>
<aff id="adhm202100229-aff-0012">
<label>
<sup>12</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche</named-content>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Chimiche e Farmaceutiche</named-content>

<institution>Università degli Studi di Palermo</institution>

<city>Palermo</city>
 <postal-code>90133</postal-code>
 <country country="IT">Italy</country>

</aff>
<aff id="adhm202100229-aff-0013">
<label>
<sup>13</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Regenerative Medicine Institute</named-content>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">School of Medicine</named-content>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences</named-content>

<institution>National University of Ireland Galway</institution>

<city>Galway</city>
 <postal-code>H91 TK33</postal-code>
 <country country="IE">Ireland</country>

</aff>
<aff id="adhm202100229-aff-0014">
<label>
<sup>14</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">UCD Conway Institute</named-content>

<institution>University College Dublin</institution>

<city>Dublin</city>
 <postal-code>D04 V1W8</postal-code>
 <country country="IE">Ireland</country>

</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="correspondenceTo"><label>*</label>E‐mail: <email>garry.duffy@nuigalway.ie</email>, <email>eoin.ocearbhaill@ucd.ie</email><break/></corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date><elocation-id>2100229</elocation-id>
<history>

<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>10</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2021</year>
</date>

<date date-type="received">
<day>05</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2021</year>
</date>

</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement content-type="issue-copyright">© 2021 Wiley‐VCH GmbH</copyright-statement>
<copyright-statement content-type="article-copyright">© 2021 The Authors. Advanced Healthcare Materials published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2021</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>© 2021 The Authors. Advanced Healthcare Materials published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH</copyright-holder>
<license>
<ali:license_ref>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
<license-p>This is an open access article under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution</ext-link> License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="main">
<title>Abstract</title>
<p xml:lang="en">Medical devices, such as silicone‐based prostheses designed for soft tissue implantation, often induce a suboptimal foreign‐body response which results in a hardened avascular fibrotic capsule around the device, often leading to patient discomfort or implant failure. Here, it is proposed that additive manufacturing techniques can be used to deposit durable coatings with multiscale porosity on soft tissue implant surfaces to promote optimal tissue integration. Specifically, the “liquid rope coil effect”, is exploited via direct ink writing, to create a controlled macro open‐pore architecture, including over highly curved surfaces, while adapting atomizing spray deposition of a silicone ink to create a microporous texture. The potential to tailor the degree of tissue integration and vascularization using these fabrication techniques is demonstrated through subdermal and submuscular implantation studies in rodent and porcine models respectively, illustrating the implant coating's potential applications in both traditional soft tissue prosthetics and active drug‐eluting devices.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-generated" xml:lang="en">
<kwd id="adhm202100229-kwd-0001">additive manufacturing</kwd>
<kwd id="adhm202100229-kwd-0002">device‐tissue interaction</kwd>
<kwd id="adhm202100229-kwd-0003">medical device coatings</kwd>
<kwd id="adhm202100229-kwd-0004">medical grade silicone</kwd>
<kwd id="adhm202100229-kwd-0005">soft tissue implants</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="funding-0001">
<funding-source>

<institution-wrap>
<institution>Science Foundation Ireland</institution>
<institution-id>http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001602</institution-id>
</institution-wrap>

</funding-source>
<award-id>SFI/12/RC/2278</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="funding-0002">
<funding-source>

<institution-wrap>
<institution>European Union's Horizon 2020 research</institution>
</institution-wrap>

</funding-source>
<award-id>713567</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="funding-0003">
<funding-source>

<institution-wrap>
<institution>H2020 Leadership in Enabling and Industrial Technologies</institution>
<institution-id>http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010668</institution-id>
</institution-wrap>

</funding-source>
<award-id>645991</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="9"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<page-count count="16"/>
<word-count count="10025"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>