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<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RSOS</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">royopensci</journal-id><journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Royal Society Open Science</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>R. Soc. Open Sci.</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn publication-format="electronic">2054-5703</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>The Royal Society</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1098/rsos.220312</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">rsos220312</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="discipline-codes"><compound-subject><compound-subject-part content-type="code">1005</compound-subject-part></compound-subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="subject-codes"><compound-subject><compound-subject-part content-type="code">79</compound-subject-part></compound-subject>
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<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Earth and environmental science</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="type-of-publication">
<subject>Research articles</subject>
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</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Timing and dynamics of Late Wolstonian Substage ‘Moreton Stadial’ (MIS 6) glaciation in the English West Midlands, UK</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="short">Timing and dynamics of Late Wolstonian Substage ‘Moreton Stadial’ (MIS 6) glaciation in the English West Midlands, UK</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1699-5669</contrib-id><string-name name-style="western"><given-names>Sebastian M.</given-names> <surname>Gibson</surname></string-name><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Conceptualization" vocab-term-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/">Conceptualization</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Formal analysis" vocab-term-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/formal-analysis/">Formal analysis</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Investigation" vocab-term-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/investigation/">Investigation</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Methodology" vocab-term-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/methodology/">Methodology</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Project administration" vocab-term-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/project-administration/">Project administration</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Visualization" vocab-term-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/visualization/">Visualization</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Writing – original draft" vocab-term-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-–-original-draft/">Writing – original draft</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Writing – review &amp; editing" vocab-term-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-–-review-editing/">Writing – review &amp; editing</role><email>smg64@cam.ac.uk</email>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1"><sup>1</sup></xref><x xml:space="preserve"><sup>,</sup></x>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="an1"><sup>†</sup></xref><x xml:space="preserve">, </x></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1756-6046</contrib-id><string-name name-style="western"><given-names>Mark D.</given-names> <surname>Bateman</surname></string-name><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Formal analysis" vocab-term-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/formal-analysis/">Formal analysis</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Methodology" vocab-term-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/methodology/">Methodology</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Visualization" vocab-term-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/visualization/">Visualization</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Writing – review &amp; editing" vocab-term-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-–-review-editing/">Writing – review &amp; editing</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2"><sup>2</sup></xref><x xml:space="preserve">, </x></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9469-5856</contrib-id><string-name name-style="western"><given-names>Julian B.</given-names> <surname>Murton</surname></string-name><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Formal analysis" vocab-term-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/formal-analysis/">Formal analysis</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Project administration" vocab-term-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/project-administration/">Project administration</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Writing – review &amp; editing" vocab-term-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-–-review-editing/">Writing – review &amp; editing</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3"><sup>3</sup></xref><x xml:space="preserve">, </x></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2614-7177</contrib-id><string-name name-style="western"><given-names>Timothy T.</given-names> <surname>Barrows</surname></string-name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4"><sup>4</sup></xref><x xml:space="preserve"><sup>,</sup></x>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5"><sup>5</sup></xref><x xml:space="preserve">, </x></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2866-4944</contrib-id><string-name name-style="western"><given-names>L. Keith</given-names> <surname>Fifield</surname></string-name><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Formal analysis" vocab-term-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/formal-analysis/">Formal analysis</role>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9757-7292</contrib-id><string-name name-style="western"><given-names>Philip L.</given-names> <surname>Gibbard</surname></string-name><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Supervision" vocab-term-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/supervision/">Supervision</role><role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Writing – review &amp; editing" vocab-term-identifier="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-–-review-editing/">Writing – review &amp; editing</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1"><sup>1</sup></xref><x xml:space="preserve"><sup>,</sup></x>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af7"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="af1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><addr-line>Cambridge Quaternary, Department of Geography, <institution>University of Cambridge</institution>, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, <country>UK</country></addr-line></aff>
<aff id="af2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><addr-line>Department of Geography, <institution>University of Sheffield</institution>, Winter Street, Sheffield S10 2TN, <country>UK</country></addr-line></aff>
<aff id="af3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><addr-line>Department of Geography, <institution>University of Sussex</institution>, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, <country>UK</country></addr-line></aff>
<aff id="af4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><addr-line>School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, <institution>University of Wollongong</institution>, <country>Australia</country></addr-line></aff>
<aff id="af5"><label><sup>5</sup></label><addr-line>School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, <institution>University of Portsmouth</institution>, <country>UK</country></addr-line></aff>
<aff id="af6"><label><sup>6</sup></label><addr-line>Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, <institution>The Australian National University</institution>, Canberra, ACT 0200, <country>Australia</country></addr-line></aff>
<aff id="af7"><label><sup>7</sup></label><addr-line>Scott Polar Research Institute, <institution>University of Cambridge</institution>, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1ER, <country>UK</country></addr-line></aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<fn id="an1" fn-type="other"><label><sup>†</sup></label><p>Present address: Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, CB2 3HU, United Kingdom</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other"><p>Electronic supplementary material is available online at <uri xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6065665">https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6065665</uri>.</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub"><day>29</day><month>6</month><year>2022</year><string-date>June 29, 2022</string-date></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection"><month>6</month><year>2022</year></pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<issue>6</issue><elocation-id>220312</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>11</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2022</year><string-date>March 11, 2022</string-date></date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>23</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2022</year><string-date>May 23, 2022</string-date></date>
</history><permissions>
<copyright-statement>© 2022 The Authors.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2022</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<ali:license_ref specific-use="vor">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
<ali:license_ref specific-use="tdm">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
<license-p>Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions>
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<related-object source-id="https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway/wos/peer-review/10.1098/rsos.220312" source-id-type="url" source-type="peer-review-report" />
<abstract>
<p>Glaciation during the late Middle Pleistocene is widely recognized across continental northwest Europe, but its extent and palaeoenvironmental significance in the British Isles are disputed. Although glaciogenic sediments at Wolston, Warwickshire, in the English West Midlands, have been used to define the stratotype of the Wolstonian Stage, their age has been variably assigned between marine isotope stages (MIS) 12 and 6. Here we present sedimentological and stratigraphical observations from five sites across the English West Midlands whose chronology is constrained by new luminescence ages from glaciofluvial sediments, supplemented by cosmogenic <sup>36</sup>Cl exposure dating of erratic boulders. The ages suggest that between 199 ± 5 and 147 ± 2.5 ka the British Ice Sheet advanced into the English West Midlands as far south as Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire. This advance is assigned to the Moreton Stadial of the Late Wolstonian Substage. Dating of the glaciation to this substage allows correlation of the Moreton Stadial glacial deposits in the English West Midlands with those of the Drenthe Stadial during the Late Saalian Substage across continental northwest Europe.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Quaternary</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
<kwd>Wolstonian Stage</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
<kwd>lithostratigraphy</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
<kwd>sedimentology</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
<kwd>optically stimulated luminescence</kwd><x xml:space="preserve">, </x>
<kwd>exposure dating</kwd>
</kwd-group><funding-group specific-use="FundRef"><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution>Royal Geographical Society</institution><institution-id>http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000623</institution-id></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>Dudley Stamp Memorial Fund DSMA 28/13</award-id> </award-group></funding-group><funding-group specific-use="FundRef"><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution>Quaternary Research Association</institution><institution-id>http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100012089</institution-id></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>N/A</award-id></award-group></funding-group><funding-group specific-use="FundRef"><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution>University of Cambridge, Department of Geography</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>N/A</award-id></award-group></funding-group><funding-group specific-use="FundRef"><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution>Sidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge</institution><institution-id>http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008931</institution-id></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>N/A</award-id></award-group></funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>
