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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="doi">10.1002/(ISSN)2701-0198</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ADBI</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title xml:lang="en">Advanced Biology</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Adv. Biology</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn publication-format="ppub">2701-0198</issn>
<issn publication-format="epub">2701-0198</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/adbi.202000624</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ADBI202000624</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="overline" xml:lang="en">
<subject>Review</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading" xml:lang="en">
<subject>Reviews</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">In Vitro Models for Studying Respiratory Host–Pathogen Interactions</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib id="adbi202000624-cr-0001" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Barron</surname>
<given-names>Sarah L.</given-names>
</name>
<bio id="adbi202000624-biog-0001">
<p xml:lang="en"><bold>Sarah L. Barron</bold> is a Ph.D. student in the Bioelectronics Systems Technology group in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology at the University of Cambridge. Sarah's background is multidisciplinary, receiving her B.Sc. in neuroscience and M.Sc. in brain imaging from the University of Nottingham before moving into the engineering field and receiving her M.Res. in sensor technology and application from the University of Cambridge. Her current work focuses on developing flexible electronic devices to monitor 3D in vitro models of the lung.</p>
<graphic position="anchor" id="jats-graphic-1" xlink:href="urn:x-wiley:27010198:media:adbi202000624:adbi202000624-gra-0002">
<alt-text>image</alt-text>
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</bio>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adbi202000624-aff-0001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adbi202000624-aff-0002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adbi202000624-cr-0002" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Saez</surname>
<given-names>Janire</given-names>
</name>
<bio id="adbi202000624-biog-0002">
<p xml:lang="en"><bold>Janire Saez</bold> is a Marie Curie fellow and research associate in the Bioelectronic Systems and Technology group at the University of Cambridge, working on developing organ‐on‐chip models coupled to bioelectronics for cancer research. She has a chemistry degree and a master's degree in pharmacology from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). In 2017, she obtained her Ph.D. in environment and marine resources from the same university, where she studied the integration of smart materials into microfluidic devices for environmental sensing.</p>
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<alt-text>image</alt-text>
</graphic>
</bio>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adbi202000624-aff-0002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="adbi202000624-cr-0003" contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<name>
<surname>Owens</surname>
<given-names>Róisín M.</given-names>
</name>
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7856-2108</contrib-id>
<bio id="adbi202000624-biog-0003">
<p xml:lang="en"><bold>Róisín M. Owens</bold> is a professor of bioelectronics at the Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology at the University of Cambridge. She received her B.A. in natural sciences at Trinity College Dublin and her Ph.D. in biochemistry and molecular biology at Southampton University. She carried out two postdoc fellowships at Cornell University on host–pathogen interactions of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> and rhinovirus therapeutics. From 2009 to 2017, she was a group leader in the Department of Bioelectronics at Ecole des Mines de St. Etienne. Her current research centers on the application of organic electronic materials for monitoring biological systems in vitro.</p>
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<alt-text>image</alt-text>
</graphic>
</bio>
<email>rmo37@cam.ac.uk</email>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="correspondenceTo">*</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="adbi202000624-aff-0002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="adbi202000624-aff-0001">
<label>
<sup>1</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Bioassay Impurities and Quality</named-content>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Biopharmaceuticals Development</named-content>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">R&amp;D</named-content>

<institution>AstraZeneca</institution>

<city>Cambridge</city>
 <postal-code>CB21 6GP</postal-code>
 <country country="GB">UK</country>

</aff>
<aff id="adbi202000624-aff-0002">
<label>
<sup>2</sup>
</label>

<named-content content-type="organisation-division">Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology</named-content>

<institution>Philippa Fawcett Drive</institution>

<city>Cambridge</city>
 <postal-code>CB3 0AS</postal-code>
 <country country="GB">UK</country>

</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="correspondenceTo"><label>*</label>

E‐mail: <email>rmo37@cam.ac.uk</email><break/></corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date><elocation-id>2000624</elocation-id>
<history>

<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>23</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2021</year>
</date>

<date date-type="received">
<day>07</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</date>

</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement content-type="issue-copyright">© 2021 Wiley‐VCH GmbH</copyright-statement>
<copyright-statement content-type="article-copyright">© 2021 The Authors. Advanced Biology published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2021</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>© 2021 The Authors. Advanced Biology published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH</copyright-holder>
<license>
<ali:license_ref>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
<license-p>This is an open access article under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution</ext-link> License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="main">
<title>Abstract</title>
<p xml:lang="en">Respiratory diseases and lower respiratory tract infections are among the leading cause of death worldwide and, especially given the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 pandemic, are of high and prevalent socio‐economic importance. In vitro models, which accurately represent the lung microenvironment, are of increasing significance given the ethical concerns around animal work and the lack of translation to human disease, as well as the lengthy time to market and the attrition rates associated with clinical trials. This review gives an overview of the biological and immunological components involved in regulating the respiratory epithelium system in health, disease, and infection. The evolution from 2D to 3D cell biology and to more advanced technological integrated models for studying respiratory host–pathogen interactions are reviewed and provide a reference point for understanding the in vitro modeling requirements. Finally, the current limitations and future perspectives for advancing this field are presented.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-generated" xml:lang="en">
<kwd id="adbi202000624-kwd-0001">host–pathogens</kwd>
<kwd id="adbi202000624-kwd-0002">immunology</kwd>
<kwd id="adbi202000624-kwd-0003">in vitro models</kwd>
<kwd id="adbi202000624-kwd-0004">infection</kwd>
<kwd id="adbi202000624-kwd-0005">lungs</kwd>
<kwd id="adbi202000624-kwd-0006">pathogens</kwd>
<kwd id="adbi202000624-kwd-0007">respiratory system</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="funding-0001">
<funding-source>

<institution-wrap>
<institution>Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Centre for Doctoral Training in Sensor Technologies and Applications</institution>
</institution-wrap>

</funding-source>
<award-id>EP/L015889/1</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="funding-0002">
<funding-source>

<institution-wrap>
<institution>European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska‐Curie</institution>
</institution-wrap>

</funding-source>
<award-id>842356</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="8"/>
<table-count count="4"/>
<page-count count="20"/>
<word-count count="15203"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>