Office of Scholarly Communication 
Emerging	
  from	
  the	
  Chrysalis	
  -­‐	
  
Transforming	
  Libraries	
  for	
  the	
  Future	
  
Keynote talk at CONUL 2017 
Athlone, `ireland 
http://conference.conul.ie/  
31 May 2017 
#conulac17 
Dr	
  Danny	
  Kingsley	
  
Head	
  of	
  Scholarly	
  Communica<on	
  
University	
  of	
  Cambridge	
  
@dannykay68	
  
SLIDES:	
  h?ps://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/264492	
  	
  
For	
  a	
  long	
  <me	
  nothing	
  changed	
  
•  1665	
  un<l	
  1945	
  
–  Paper	
  journals	
  
–  Most	
  scien<fic	
  publishing	
  is	
  done	
  by	
  learned	
  socie<es	
  
–  Only	
  means	
  of	
  prin<ng	
  and	
  distribu<on	
  is	
  publishers	
  
–  Only	
  means	
  of	
  accessing	
  this	
  material	
  is	
  to	
  personally	
  
subscribe	
  or	
  to	
  visit*	
  the	
  gatekeepers	
  –	
  a	
  library	
  
–  Libraries	
  and	
  publishers	
  have	
  a	
  symbio<c	
  rela<onship	
  
*	
  and	
  I	
  mean	
  visit.	
  In	
  person.	
  
Post	
  war	
  growth	
  
•  1945-­‐1970	
  
– Science	
  became	
  a	
  profession	
  –	
  rapid	
  growth	
  
– This	
  period	
  confirms	
  the	
  role	
  of	
  commercial	
  
publishers	
  as	
  powerful	
  actors	
  in	
  scien<fic	
  
publishing	
  
•  1970	
  –	
  1995	
  
– Last	
  period	
  of	
  print	
  publishing	
  	
  
– Corresponds	
  to	
  the	
  Serial	
  Pricing	
  Crisis;	
  it	
  sees	
  the	
  
financial	
  power	
  of	
  the	
  commercial	
  publishers	
  
consolida<ng;	
  
“Open	
  Access:	
  Towards	
  the	
  Internet	
  of	
  the	
  Mind”	
  (2017),	
  Jean-­‐Claude	
  Guedon	
  
h?p://www.budapestopenaccessini<a<ve.org/boai15/Un<tleddocument.docx	
  	
  
Are	
  we	
  all	
  comfortable?	
  
h?ps://www.amazon.co.uk/Tadpoles-­‐Promise-­‐Jeanne-­‐Willis/dp/1842704265	
  	
  
This	
  talk	
  is	
  about	
  change	
  
•  Early	
  1990’s	
  the	
  internet	
  was	
  being	
  used	
  for	
  
non	
  commercial	
  prac<ces	
  eg:	
  military	
  and	
  
academic	
  	
  
Opportunity	
  
h?ps://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!topic/
bit.listserv.vpiej-­‐l/BoKENhK0_00	
  	
  
1994	
  –	
  Stevan	
  Harnad’s	
  Subversive	
  Proposal	
  1991	
  –	
  arXiv.org	
  started	
  
Physicists	
  were	
  sharing	
  research	
  by	
  post	
  
and	
  then	
  by	
  email,	
  but	
  this	
  was	
  
clu?ering	
  up	
  inboxes.	
  
	
  
Paul	
  Ginsparg	
  recognized	
  the	
  need	
  for	
  
central	
  storage,	
  and	
  in	
  August	
  1991	
  he	
  
created	
  a	
  central	
  repository	
  mailbox	
  
stored	
  at	
  the	
  Los	
  Alamos	
  Na<onal	
  
Laboratory	
  which	
  could	
  be	
  accessed	
  
from	
  any	
  computer.	
  	
  
	
  
Addi<onal	
  modes	
  of	
  access	
  were	
  soon	
  
added:	
  FTP	
  in	
  1991,	
  Gopher	
  in	
  1992,	
  and	
  
the	
  World	
  Wide	
  Web	
  in	
  1993.	
  
	
  
Biggest	
  change	
  the	
  world	
  has	
  seen	
  
•  In	
  1995	
  commercial	
  restric<ons	
  on	
  the	
  World	
  
Wide	
  Web	
  were	
  lined	
  
•  “Computer	
  Chronicles	
  -­‐	
  The	
  Internet”	
  (1995)	
  
– Who	
  says	
  online	
  users	
  are	
  a	
  bunch	
  of	
  an<social	
  
geeks,	
  here	
  we	
  are	
  in	
  a	
  café…	
  where	
  you	
  get	
  the	
  
best	
  of	
  both	
  worlds,	
  real	
  people	
  and	
  online	
  people	
  
…	
  The	
  growing	
  power	
  of	
  ‘The	
  Internet’	
  
•  h?ps://www.youtube.com/watch?<me_con<nue=23&v=XluovrUA6Bk	
  
Promises,	
  promises	
  
h?p://stella.catalogue.tcd.ie/iii/encore/record/C__Rb12405158__Stadpole%27s
%20promise__Orightresult__U__X7?lang=eng&suite=cobalt	
  	
  
….	
  “I	
  promise”,	
  he	
  said.	
  
Journals	
  started	
  going	
  online	
  
•  Researchers	
  started	
  publishing	
  freely	
  available	
  
journals	
  online	
  from	
  1993	
  onwards	
  
•  In	
  1995	
  a	
  small	
  study	
  showed	
  there	
  was	
  li?le	
  
academic	
  trust	
  in	
  online	
  journals	
  
–  Kingsley	
  D,	
  1995	
  Honours	
  thesis	
  (First	
  Class)	
  Science	
  &	
  Technology	
  
Studies,	
  University	
  of	
  New	
  South	
  Wales	
  Science	
  online?	
  A	
  contextual	
  
analysis	
  of	
  the	
  debate	
  on	
  electronic	
  journals	
  in	
  science	
  communica8on	
  
–  	
  h?p://hdl.handle.net/10440/1023	
  
Figure	
  2.	
  The	
  development	
  of	
  open	
  access	
  publishing	
  1993–2009.	
  
Laakso	
  M,	
  Welling	
  P,	
  Bukvova	
  H,	
  Nyman	
  L,	
  Björk	
  BC,	
  et	
  al.	
  (2011)	
  The	
  Development	
  of	
  Open	
  Access	
  Journal	
  Publishing	
  from	
  1993	
  to	
  2009.	
  PLOS	
  
ONE	
  6(6):	
  e20961.	
  h?ps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020961	
  
h?p://journals.plos.org/plosone/ar<cle?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0020961	
  
Solu<ons	
  to	
  the	
  serials	
  crisis?	
  
•  In	
  1996,	
  the	
  first	
  Big	
  Deal	
  was	
  brokered	
  in	
  the	
  UK	
  
with	
  Academic	
  Press	
  
•  In	
  2000	
  Academic	
  Press	
  was	
  acquired	
  by,	
  and	
  is	
  
now	
  part	
  of,	
  Reed	
  Elsevier	
  	
  
–  h?p://ir.reedelsevier.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=67171&p=irol-­‐
newsAr<cle&ID=980090&highlight	
  
•  In	
  2002	
  the	
  term	
  ‘Open	
  Access’	
  was	
  coined	
  
–  “An	
  old	
  tradi<on	
  and	
  a	
  new	
  technology	
  have	
  
converged	
  to	
  make	
  possible	
  an	
  unprecedented	
  public	
  
good.”	
  	
  
–  h?p://www.budapestopenaccessini<a<ve.org/read	
  	
  
The	
  publishers	
  also	
  see	
  opportunity	
  
•  “The	
  most	
  successful	
  early	
  entrants	
  into	
  
online	
  academic	
  publishing	
  were	
  big	
  
commercial	
  publishing	
  firms.	
  They	
  were	
  large	
  
enough	
  to	
  absorb	
  the	
  technical	
  costs	
  
involved…	
  digital	
  distribu<on	
  opened	
  up	
  new	
  
ways	
  of	
  genera<ng	
  income”	
  
– Big	
  Deals	
  
– Selling	
  individual	
  ar<cles	
  
– Paid-­‐for	
  data	
  eg:	
  usage	
  sta<s<cs	
  
– Charging	
  for	
  TDM	
  
“Untangling	
  Academic	
  Publishing:	
  A	
  history	
  of	
  the	
  rela<onship	
  between	
  commercial	
  
interests,	
  academic	
  pres<ge	
  ad	
  the	
  circula<on	
  of	
  research”,	
  Fyfe,	
  A.	
  et	
  al,	
  May	
  2017	
  
h?ps://zenodo.org/record/546100	
  	
  
Where	
  were	
  we	
  up	
  to?	
  
h?ps://www.amazon.co.uk/Tadpoles-­‐Promise-­‐Jeanne-­‐Willis/dp/1842704265	
  	
  
….	
  –	
  he	
  had	
  grown	
  arms.	
  
It’s	
  an	
  analogy	
  
Photo:	
  ep_jhu	
  Flickr	
  CC-­‐BY-­‐NC	
  2.0	
  	
  	
  
Libraries	
  
Publishers	
  
Photo:	
  Rob	
  Flickr	
  CC-­‐BY-­‐NC-­‐ND	
  2.0	
  
Libraries	
  start	
  to	
  change	
  
•  Libraries	
  have	
  been	
  taking	
  responsibility	
  for	
  
providing	
  access	
  to	
  the	
  research	
  output	
  of	
  
their	
  ins<tu<ons	
  for	
  a	
  long	
  <me	
  
•  Cambridge	
  established	
  a	
  ‘testbed’	
  instance	
  of	
  
DSpace	
  in	
  2003	
  
Publishers	
  really	
  started	
  changing	
  
More	
  than	
  just	
  publishing	
  
h?ps://www.publishingcampus.elsevier.com/	
  	
  
‘Campus’?	
  ‘Colleges’?	
  
Rewards	
  -­‐	
  cer<ficates	
  
(Signed	
  by	
  the	
  Managing	
  Directors)	
  
Careers	
  advice	
  
h?ps://www.elsevier.com/authors-­‐update/home/featured-­‐ar<cle/another-­‐temporary-­‐research-­‐posi<on-­‐youre-­‐not-­‐
alone	
  
Changing	
  innova<ons	
  
h?ps://101innova<ons.wordpress.com/	
  	
  
A	
  complete	
  ecosystem	
  
101	
  Innova<ons	
  in	
  Scholarly	
  Communica<on-­‐	
  
h?p://innoscholcomm.silk.co/page/Elsevier	
  	
  
Aggressive	
  	
  
Con<nued	
  existence	
  ‘by	
  grace	
  of	
  Elsevier’	
  
h?ps://svpow.com/2017/05/10/but-­‐elsevier-­‐bought-­‐mendeley-­‐and-­‐ssrn-­‐but-­‐theyre-­‐ok-­‐arent-­‐they/	
  	
  
It	
  seems	
  to	
  be	
  working	
  
“2	
  stunning	
  growth	
  stocks	
  that	
  could	
  make	
  you	
  rich”	
  
–	
  AoI,	
  19	
  April	
  2017	
  
h?p://www.aol.co.uk/money/2017/04/19/2-­‐
stunning-­‐growth-­‐stocks-­‐that-­‐could-­‐make-­‐you-­‐rich/	
  
	
  
It	
  is	
  not	
  just	
  Elsevier	
  
Image:	
  Chris	
  FLICKR	
  CC-­‐BY-­‐NC	
  
h?p://www.sherpa.ac.uk/juliet/index.php	
  	
  
Longstanding	
  service	
  -­‐	
  provided	
  by	
  Jisc/RLUK	
  
Service	
  provided	
  by	
  Wiley	
  
h?ps://authorservices.wiley.com/author-­‐resources/Journal-­‐Authors/
licensing-­‐open-­‐access/open-­‐access/author-­‐compliance-­‐tool.html	
  	
  
Wiley	
  student	
  reten<on	
  services	
  
h?p://wileyedsolu<ons.com/services/student-­‐reten<on-­‐services	
  	
  
Email	
  to	
  head	
  Research	
  Office	
  Cambridge	
  
•  (Sent	
  in	
  April	
  2017)	
  
•  Please	
  allow	
  me	
  to	
  introduce	
  myself.	
  My	
  name	
  is	
  XXXXXXX	
  
and	
  I	
  work	
  for	
  the	
  scien<fic	
  publisher	
  Nature	
  Research,	
  
where	
  I	
  am	
  the	
  Ins<tu<onal	
  Partnerships	
  manager	
  for	
  the	
  
UK	
  and	
  Europe.	
  I	
  am	
  responsible	
  for	
  working	
  closely	
  with	
  
senior	
  management	
  throughout	
  public	
  sector	
  research	
  
intensive	
  organisa<ons	
  to	
  build	
  new	
  business-­‐centred	
  
partnerships	
  that	
  u<lise	
  the	
  exper<se,	
  services	
  and	
  
solu<ons	
  from	
  the	
  Nature	
  Research	
  porzolio.	
  
•  	
  <snip>	
  
•  I	
  would	
  like	
  to	
  speak	
  with	
  you	
  about	
  ways	
  Nature	
  Research	
  
can	
  support	
  your	
  role	
  at	
  the	
  University	
  of	
  Cambridge	
  and	
  
offer	
  our	
  exper<se	
  and	
  solu<ons	
  in	
  science	
  publishing,	
  
communica<ons	
  and	
  grant	
  funding	
  applicaJons.	
  
Recap	
  
h?ps://www.amazon.co.uk/Tadpoles-­‐Promise-­‐Jeanne-­‐Willis/dp/1842704265	
  	
  
…	
  -­‐	
  he	
  had	
  no	
  tail.	
  
What	
  is	
  the	
  role	
  of	
  the	
  library?	
  
•  Discussion	
  at	
  RLUK2017	
  conference.	
  	
  
– Are	
  librarians	
  support	
  staff	
  or	
  research	
  partners?	
  	
  
– Should	
  we	
  be	
  collabora<ng	
  and	
  partnering	
  with	
  
the	
  research	
  community?	
  
– Should	
  we	
  be	
  leading	
  the	
  University	
  over	
  these	
  
issues?	
  
•  See:	
  “Become	
  part	
  of	
  the	
  research	
  process	
  –	
  
observa<ons	
  from	
  RLUK2017”	
  	
  
– h?ps://unlockingresearch.blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/	
  	
  
What	
  is	
  Scholarly	
  Communica<on?	
  
•  Associa<on	
  of	
  College	
  and	
  Research	
  Libraries	
  
(ACRL)	
  2003	
  defini<on:	
  
–  "the	
  system	
  through	
  which	
  research	
  and	
  other	
  
scholarly	
  wri8ngs	
  are	
  created,	
  evaluated	
  for	
  quality,	
  
disseminated	
  to	
  the	
  scholarly	
  community,	
  and	
  
preserved	
  for	
  future	
  use.	
  The	
  system	
  includes	
  both	
  
formal	
  means	
  of	
  communica8on,	
  such	
  as	
  publica8on	
  
in	
  peer-­‐reviewed	
  journals,	
  and	
  informal	
  channels,	
  such	
  
as	
  electronic	
  listservs.”	
  
•  h?p://acrl.libguides.com/scholcomm/toolkit/	
  	
  
•  Onen	
  Scholarly	
  Communica<on	
  services	
  are	
  run	
  
out	
  of	
  libraries	
  
Governance	
  
•  These	
  are	
  big	
  changes	
  that	
  need	
  to	
  be	
  pushed	
  through	
  
the	
  system.	
  
•  This	
  is	
  par<cularly	
  complicated	
  at	
  Cambridge	
  
h?ps://www.governance.cam.ac.uk/governance/key-­‐bodies/Pages/default.aspx	
  	
  
	
  
Change	
  is	
  S-­‐L-­‐O-­‐W	
  
Academics	
  at	
  the	
  800-­‐year-­‐old	
  ins<tu<on	
  have	
  a	
  
unique	
  role	
  in	
  the	
  running	
  of	
  their	
  university	
  and,	
  
along	
  with	
  owning	
  their	
  own	
  intellectual	
  property	
  
rights,	
  members	
  of	
  the	
  university's	
  Regent	
  House	
  
can	
  lobby	
  for	
  a	
  vote	
  on	
  all	
  amendments	
  and	
  
addi<ons	
  to	
  the	
  university's	
  governing	
  rules.	
  
The	
  ancient	
  system	
  of	
  governance	
  has	
  come	
  under	
  
a?ack	
  in	
  the	
  past	
  for	
  being	
  too	
  cumbersome,	
  and	
  
ill-­‐designed	
  for	
  the	
  21st	
  century.	
  The	
  university	
  has	
  
come	
  under	
  pressure	
  from	
  government	
  to	
  reform	
  
its	
  system	
  of	
  governance	
  and	
  intellectual	
  property	
  
rights.	
  	
  
“Dons	
  clash	
  with	
  Cambridge	
  over	
  intellectual	
  rights”,	
  The	
  Guardian,	
  2005	
  
h?ps://www.theguardian.com/educa<on/2005/nov/22/highereduca<on.businessofresearch	
  	
  
	
  
Esteem	
  economy	
  
•  Academia	
  is	
  an	
  unusual	
  economy	
  –	
  no	
  payment	
  for	
  
publishing,	
  instead	
  esteem	
  
•  The	
  people	
  and	
  ins<tu<ons	
  who	
  have	
  succeeded	
  have	
  
done	
  so	
  within	
  the	
  current	
  ‘economy’	
  
•  If	
  the	
  way	
  research	
  is	
  rewarded	
  changes,	
  then	
  the	
  winners	
  
might	
  not	
  be	
  winners	
  any	
  more	
  
Ch
ris
	
  P
o?
er
	
  /	
  
CC
	
  B
Y	
  
Resistance	
  
•  Generally	
  ins<tu<ons	
  are	
  reluctant	
  to	
  step	
  up,	
  
partly	
  because	
  of	
  the	
  governance	
  structure.	
  The	
  
nature	
  of	
  research	
  itself	
  is	
  changing	
  profoundly.	
  
This	
  includes	
  extraordinary	
  dependence	
  on	
  data,	
  
and	
  complexity	
  requiring	
  intermediate	
  steps	
  of	
  
data	
  visualisa<on.	
  These	
  eResearch	
  techniques	
  
have	
  been	
  growing	
  rapidly,	
  and	
  in	
  a	
  way	
  that	
  
may	
  not	
  be	
  understood	
  or	
  well	
  led	
  by	
  senior	
  
administrators.	
  
–  “Openness,	
  integrity	
  &	
  suppor<ng	
  researchers”	
  
Emeritus	
  Professor	
  Tom	
  Cochrane	
  
h?ps://unlockingresearch.blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/?p=307	
  
	
  
And	
  then	
  there	
  is	
  the	
  administra<on	
  
You	
  Tube	
  Cambridge	
  in	
  Numbers	
  
h?ps://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=FwZsb2CkMsM	
  
•  It	
  is	
  a	
  challenge	
  to	
  convince	
  researchers	
  to	
  do	
  anything.	
  
•  “Geng	
  an	
  Octopus	
  into	
  a	
  String	
  Bag”	
  
h?ps://www.slideshare.net/DannyKingsley/geng-­‐an-­‐octopus-­‐into-­‐a-­‐string-­‐bag-­‐the-­‐
complexity-­‐of-­‐communica<ng-­‐with-­‐the-­‐research-­‐community-­‐across-­‐a-­‐higher-­‐educa<on-­‐
ins<tu<on	
  	
  
114	
  libraries	
  
29	
  Colleges	
  
Many	
  
administra<ve	
  units	
  
Office	
  of	
  Scholarly	
  Communica<on	
  
•  Managing	
  funder	
  compliance	
  
•  Taking	
  the	
  lead	
  in	
  Research	
  Data	
  Management	
  
•  Training	
  library	
  community	
  
•  Training	
  and	
  collabora<ng	
  with	
  the	
  research	
  
community	
  
•  Strategic	
  goals	
  of	
  the	
  OSC	
  
– h?p://osc.cam.ac.uk/about-­‐scholarly-­‐
communica<on/strategic-­‐goals-­‐office-­‐scholarly-­‐
communica<on	
  
We	
  are	
  loud	
  and	
  proud	
  
•  "2016	
  -­‐	
  That	
  was	
  the	
  year	
  that	
  was"	
  -­‐	
  
h?ps://unlockingresearch.blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/?p=1172	
  	
  
•  "2015	
  -­‐	
  That	
  was	
  the	
  year	
  that	
  was"	
  	
  -­‐	
  
h?ps://unlockingresearch.blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/?p=451	
  
•  "Further	
  developing	
  the	
  library	
  profession	
  in	
  2016"	
  -­‐	
  
h?ps://unlockingresearch.blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/?p=1228	
  
•  Slides	
  from	
  a	
  November	
  2016	
  talk	
  "The	
  OSC	
  at	
  
Cambridge	
  -­‐	
  a	
  lightning	
  tour”	
  -­‐	
  
h?p://www.slideshare.net/DannyKingsley/the-­‐osc-­‐at-­‐
cambridge-­‐a-­‐lightning-­‐tour	
  
Is	
  it	
  our	
  ‘place’?	
  
h?
p:
//
w
w
w
.k
ee
pc
al
m
-­‐o
-­‐m
a<
c.
co
.u
k/
p/
ke
ep
-­‐
ca
lm
-­‐a
nd
-­‐k
no
w
-­‐y
ou
r-­‐
pl
ac
e-­‐
3/
	
  	
  
Yes	
  we	
  should	
  be	
  driving	
  this	
  agenda	
  
•  Scholarly	
  Communica<on	
  takes	
  a	
  ‘meta’	
  view	
  of	
  the	
  
research	
  ecosystem	
  
•  Disciplinary	
  differences	
  mean	
  individual	
  researchers	
  
come	
  to	
  the	
  table	
  with	
  very	
  specific	
  perspec<ves	
  
•  They	
  all	
  think	
  they	
  are	
  right	
  
•  Very	
  few	
  understand	
  that	
  things	
  are	
  different	
  in	
  other	
  
disciplines	
  –	
  and	
  that	
  these	
  are	
  as	
  valid	
  as	
  their	
  own	
  
•  Scholarly	
  Communica<on	
  is	
  a	
  research	
  discipline	
  of	
  its	
  
own.	
  This	
  is	
  not	
  recognised	
  by	
  most	
  academics!	
  
Let’s	
  wrap	
  this	
  story	
  up	
  
h?ps://www.amazon.co.uk/Tadpoles-­‐Promise-­‐Jeanne-­‐Willis/dp/1842704265	
  	
  
We	
  len	
  the	
  story	
  with	
  the	
  
caterpillar	
  crying	
  herself	
  to	
  
sleep	
  in	
  her	
  cocoon	
  	
  
There’s	
  not	
  much	
  <me	
  
We	
  can’t	
  leave	
  it	
  there!!!	
  
•  Look,	
  publishers	
  are	
  just	
  doing	
  what	
  all	
  other	
  
big	
  industries	
  are	
  doing.	
  	
  
•  Who	
  owns	
  your	
  data?	
  
– Facebook	
  
– Twi?er	
  
– Google	
  
– Amazon	
  
•  The	
  problem	
  is	
  if	
  tech	
  companies	
  take	
  over	
  
the	
  world	
  it	
  gets	
  built	
  in	
  their	
  reflec<on.	
  
Big	
  brother	
  is	
  watching	
  
Can	
  you	
  remember	
  anyone’s	
  phone	
  number?	
  
Publishers	
  are	
  being	
  threatened	
  too…	
  
h?ps://www.researchgate.net/home	
  	
  
And	
  to	
  a	
  lesser	
  extent	
  
h?ps://www.academia.edu/	
  	
  
Let	
  the	
  games	
  begin	
  
h?ps://torrenzreak.com/elsevier-­‐wants-­‐15-­‐million-­‐piracy-­‐damages-­‐from-­‐sci-­‐
hub-­‐and-­‐libgen-­‐170518/	
  	
  
Who	
  does	
  this	
  threaten?	
  
John	
  Bohannon,	
  “Who's	
  downloading	
  pirated	
  papers?	
  Everyone”,	
  Science,	
  Apr.	
  28,	
  
2016
h?p://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/whos-­‐downloading-­‐pirated-­‐papers-­‐everyone	
  	
  
What	
  can	
  YOU	
  do?	
  
•  MIT	
  Ins<tute-­‐wide	
  task	
  force	
  on	
  the	
  Future	
  of	
  
Libraries	
  
– Be	
  global	
  and	
  local	
  in	
  services	
  
– Skill	
  genera<on	
  in	
  informa<on	
  assessment	
  
– Dissemina<on	
  of	
  research	
  generated	
  internally	
  
– Provide	
  comprehensive	
  digital	
  access	
  to	
  
collec<ons	
  
– Generate	
  open	
  content	
  plazorms	
  
– Open	
  access	
  policies	
  and	
  infrastructure	
  
– Preserva<on	
  and	
  stewardship	
  
h?ps://future-­‐of-­‐libraries.mit.edu/sites/default/files/FutureLibraries-­‐PrelimReport-­‐Final.pdf	
  	
  
	
  
Lots	
  of	
  work	
  to	
  be	
  done	
  
Image	
  by	
  Danny	
  Kingsley	
  
Ques<ons/Discussion	
  
Thanks!	
  
Dr	
  Danny	
  Kingsley	
  
Head	
  of	
  Scholarly	
  Communica<on	
  
University	
  of	
  Cambridge	
  
@dannykay68