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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="en"><front xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:c="http://ns.iop.org/namespaces/content" xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions" xmlns:m="http://ns.iop.org/namespaces/meta"><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">apjl</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">The Astrophysical Journal Letters</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="AAS" xml:lang="en">APJL</abbrev-journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Astrophys. J. Lett.</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2041-8205</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2041-8213</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The American Astronomical Society</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">apjlac2f3a</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3847/2041-8213/ac2f3a</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">ac2f3a</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">AAS33720</article-id><title-group><article-title>Detectable Abundance of Cyanoacetylene (HC<sub>3</sub>N) Predicted on Reduced Nitrogen-rich Super-Earth Atmospheres</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" xlink:type="simple"><contrib-id authenticated="true" contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7180-081X</contrib-id><name name-style="western"><surname>Rimmer</surname><given-names>Paul B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="affiliation01">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="affiliation02">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="affiliation03">3</xref><email>pbr27@cam.ac.uk</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><contrib-id authenticated="true" contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7031-8039</contrib-id><name name-style="western"><surname>Majumdar</surname><given-names>Liton</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="affiliation04">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><contrib-id authenticated="false" contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1143-0877</contrib-id><name name-style="western"><surname>Priyadarshi</surname><given-names>Akshay</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="affiliation05">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wright</surname><given-names>Sam</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="affiliation06">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><contrib-id authenticated="true" contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9286-9501</contrib-id><name name-style="western"><surname>Yurchenko</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="affiliation06">6</xref></contrib><aff id="affiliation01">
               <label>1</label>
Department of Earth Sciences, <institution xlink:type="simple">University of Cambridge</institution>, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, <country>UK</country>; <ext-link ext-link-type="email" id="apjlac2f3aem1" xlink:type="simple">pbr27@cam.ac.uk</ext-link>
            </aff><aff id="affiliation02">
               <label>2</label>
Cavendish Laboratory, <institution xlink:type="simple">University of Cambridge</institution>, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, <country>UK</country>
            </aff><aff id="affiliation03">
               <label>3</label>
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, <country>UK</country>
            </aff><aff id="affiliation04">
               <label>4</label>
School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, Odisha, <country>India</country>
            </aff><aff id="affiliation05">
               <label>5</label>
School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, Odisha, <country>India</country>
            </aff><aff id="affiliation06">
               <label>6</label>
Department of Physics and Astronomy, <institution xlink:type="simple">University College London</institution>, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, <country>UK</country>
            </aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="open-access"><day>04</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>921</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id content-type="artnum">L28</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>27</day><month>7</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>8</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="oa-requested"><day>27</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2021. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><license license-type="cc-by" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>
                  <graphic content-type="print" orientation="portrait" position="float" xlink:href="https://cfn-live-content-bucket-iop-org.s3.amazonaws.com/journals/2041-8205/921/2/L28/revision1/apjlac2f3alicense.eps?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAYDKQL6LTV7YY2HIK&amp;Expires=1636737239&amp;Signature=YbmTv6znmfgsOOZfJ6bHjoWKfqs%3D" xlink:type="simple"/>
                  <graphic content-type="online" orientation="portrait" position="float" xlink:href="https://cfn-live-content-bucket-iop-org.s3.amazonaws.com/journals/2041-8205/921/2/L28/revision1/apjlac2f3alicense.gif?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAYDKQL6LTV7YY2HIK&amp;Expires=1636737239&amp;Signature=yf4KMu6eOolGPp%2FU5C0lhn0TAn4%3D" xlink:type="simple"/>Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence</ext-link>. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://cfn-live-content-bucket-iop-org.s3.amazonaws.com/journals/2041-8205/921/2/L28/revision1/apjl_921_2_L28.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAYDKQL6LTV7YY2HIK&amp;Expires=1636737239&amp;Signature=ORTUl7VoH8F1c1foVgoNvQSSYpo%3D" xlink:type="simple"/><self-uri content-type="epub" xlink:href="https://cfn-live-content-bucket-iop-org.s3.amazonaws.com/journals/2041-8205/921/2/L28/revision1/apjl_921_2_L28.epub?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAYDKQL6LTV7YY2HIK&amp;Expires=1636737239&amp;Signature=VprlR1wP6BO8ejIXRFIy6A4ja8o%3D" xlink:type="simple"/><abstract><title>Abstract</title><p>We predict that cyanoacetylene (HC<sub>3</sub>N) is produced photochemically in the atmosphere of GJ 1132 b in abundances detectable by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), assuming that the atmosphere is hydrogen dominated and rich in molecular nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), as described by Swain et al. First, we construct line lists and cross sections for HC<sub>3</sub>N. Then we apply these cross sections and the model atmosphere of Swain et al. to a radiative transfer model in order to simulate the transmission spectrum of GJ 1132 b as it would be seen by JWST, accounting for the uncertainty in the retrieved abundances. We predict that cyanoacetylene features at various wavelengths, with a clear lone feature at 4.5 <italic toggle="yes">μ</italic>m, observable by JWST after one transit. This feature persists within the 1<italic toggle="yes">σ</italic> uncertainty of the retrieved abundances of HCN and CH<sub>4</sub>. The signal is detectable for stratospheric temperatures ≲600 K and moderate stratospheric mixing (10<sup>6</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> ≲ <italic toggle="yes">K</italic>
               <sub>
                  <italic toggle="yes">zz</italic>
               </sub> ≲ 10<sup>8</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>). Our results also indicate that HC<sub>3</sub>N is an important source of opacity that future retrieval models should consider.</p></abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><title content-type="vocab">unified-astronomy-thesaurus</title><compound-kwd><compound-kwd-part content-type="vocab-term-identifier">http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/511</compound-kwd-part><compound-kwd-part content-type="term">Extrasolar rocky planets</compound-kwd-part><compound-kwd-part content-type="uat-code">511</compound-kwd-part></compound-kwd><compound-kwd><compound-kwd-part content-type="vocab-term-identifier">http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/487</compound-kwd-part><compound-kwd-part content-type="term">Exoplanet atmospheres</compound-kwd-part><compound-kwd-part content-type="uat-code">487</compound-kwd-part></compound-kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group xlink:type="simple"><funding-source xlink:type="simple">Simons Foundation (SF)<named-content content-type="funder-id" xlink:type="simple">https://doi.org/10.13039/100000893</named-content>
               </funding-source><award-id>599634</award-id></award-group><award-group xlink:type="simple"><funding-source xlink:type="simple">UKRI ∣ Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)<named-content content-type="funder-id" xlink:type="simple">https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000271</named-content>
               </funding-source><award-id>ST/R000476/1</award-id></award-group><award-group xlink:type="simple"><funding-source xlink:type="simple">UKRI ∣ Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)<named-content content-type="funder-id" xlink:type="simple">https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000271</named-content>
               </funding-source><award-id>ST/P006736/1</award-id></award-group><award-group xlink:type="simple"><funding-source xlink:type="simple">EC ∣ H2020 ∣ H2020 Priority Excellent Science ∣ H2020 European Research Council (ERC)<named-content content-type="funder-id" xlink:type="simple">https://doi.org/10.13039/100010663</named-content>
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